Can’t figure out what happened…

The water company has been doing repairs on my street all week after a water main break. There are some days we go hours without water and today was one of them. But for some reason today when the water came back on all of the water lines shook violently and then something happened to my upstairs toilet that caused water to leak down into my kitchen ceiling below. There doesn’t seem to be a current leak and I didn’t witness the incident, just the aftermath. I walked into the bathroom to find the whole toilet soaked and water all over the floor. Could the air in the lines and the increased pressure from it cause the toilet tank to overflow or something? I’m absolutely baffled and now agitated that my kitchen ceiling needs repaired.